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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITC.2020.13

One-One Constrained Pseudorandom Functions

Authors: Naty Peter, Rotem Tsabary, and Hoeteck Wee

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 163, 1st Conference on Information-Theoretic Cryptography (ITC 2020)

Abstract

We define and study a new cryptographic primitive, named One-One Constrained Pseudorandom Functions. In this model there are two parties, Alice and Bob, that hold a common random string K, where Alice in addition holds a predicate f:[N] → {0,1} and Bob in addition holds an input x ∈ [N]. We then let Alice generate a key K_f based on f and K, and let Bob evaluate a value K_x based on x and K. We consider a third party that sees the values (x,f,K_f) and the goal is to allow her to reconstruct K_x whenever f(x)=1, while keeping K_x pseudorandom whenever f(x)=0. This primitive can be viewed as a relaxation of constrained PRFs, such that there is only a single key query and a single evaluation query. We focus on the information-theoretic setting, where the one-one cPRF has perfect correctness and perfect security. Our main results are as follows. 1) A Lower Bound. We show that in the information-theoretic setting, any one-one cPRF for punctured predicates is of exponential complexity (and thus the lower bound meets the upper bound that is given by a trivial construction). This stands in contrast with the well known GGM-based punctured PRF from OWF, which is in particular a one-one cPRF. This also implies a similar lower bound for all NC1. 2) New Constructions. On the positive side, we present efficient information-theoretic constructions of one-one cPRFs for a few other predicate families, such as equality predicates, inner-product predicates, and subset predicates. We also show a generic AND composition lemma that preserves complexity. 3) An Amplification to standard cPRF. We show that all of our one-one cPRF constructions can be amplified to a standard (single-key) cPRF via any key-homomorphic PRF that supports linear computations. More generally, we suggest a new framework that we call the double-key model which allows to construct constrained PRFs via key-homomorphic PRFs. 4) Relation to CDS. We show that one-one constrained PRFs imply conditional disclosure of secrets (CDS) protocols. We believe that this simple model can be used to better understand constrained PRFs and related cryptographic primitives, and that further applications of one-one constrained PRFs and our double-key model will be found in the future, in addition to those we show in this paper.

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Naty Peter, Rotem Tsabary, and Hoeteck Wee. One-One Constrained Pseudorandom Functions. In 1st Conference on Information-Theoretic Cryptography (ITC 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 163, pp. 13:1-13:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{peter_et_al:LIPIcs.ITC.2020.13,
  author =	{Peter, Naty and Tsabary, Rotem and Wee, Hoeteck},
  title =	{{One-One Constrained Pseudorandom Functions}},
  booktitle =	{1st Conference on Information-Theoretic Cryptography (ITC 2020)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-151-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{163},
  editor =	{Tauman Kalai, Yael and Smith, Adam D. and Wichs, Daniel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITC.2020.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-121188},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITC.2020.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Constrained pseudorandom functions, function secret-sharing, conditional disclosure of secrets}
}

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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2018.41

On the Inner Product Predicate and a Generalization of Matching Vector Families

Authors: Balthazar Bauer, Jevgenijs Vihrovs, and Hoeteck Wee

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 122, 38th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2018)

Abstract

Motivated by cryptographic applications such as predicate encryption, we consider the problem of representing an arbitrary predicate as the inner product predicate on two vectors. Concretely, fix a Boolean function P and some modulus q. We are interested in encoding x to x_vector and y to y_vector so that P(x,y) = 1 <=> <x_vector,y_vector> = 0 mod q, where the vectors should be as short as possible. This problem can also be viewed as a generalization of matching vector families, which corresponds to the equality predicate. Matching vector families have been used in the constructions of Ramsey graphs, private information retrieval (PIR) protocols, and more recently, secret sharing. Our main result is a simple lower bound that allows us to show that known encodings for many predicates considered in the cryptographic literature such as greater than and threshold are essentially optimal for prime modulus q. Using this approach, we also prove lower bounds on encodings for composite q, and then show tight upper bounds for such predicates as greater than, index and disjointness.

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Balthazar Bauer, Jevgenijs Vihrovs, and Hoeteck Wee. On the Inner Product Predicate and a Generalization of Matching Vector Families. In 38th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 122, pp. 41:1-41:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{bauer_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2018.41,
  author =	{Bauer, Balthazar and Vihrovs, Jevgenijs and Wee, Hoeteck},
  title =	{{On the Inner Product Predicate and a Generalization of Matching Vector Families}},
  booktitle =	{38th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2018)},
  pages =	{41:1--41:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-093-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{122},
  editor =	{Ganguly, Sumit and Pandya, Paritosh},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2018.41},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-99400},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2018.41},
  annote =	{Keywords: Predicate Encryption, Inner Product Encoding, Matching Vector Families}
}

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One-One Constrained Pseudorandom Functions

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On the Inner Product Predicate and a Generalization of Matching Vector Families

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